The conferences

The Holy Koran's inimitability in the domain of legislation.

The First National Forum of the Holy Koran-Biskra.

Introduction.

The Almighty Allah supported all His messengers with miracles, and He particularized His prophet Muhammad -may peace be upon him- with the Holy Koran which is a miracle lasting across the ages.

The Muslims acknowledged this miracle truthfully and faithfully, but the unbelievers acknowledged it only because of their weakness and impotence.

Many schools and trends appeared in order to study the miraculous nature of the Holy Koran, such as the school of Al Mutakalimine (Muslim Theologian), The Exegetes School, the Author School.

In the fifth and the fourteenth Hegirian centuries, many books were written by peerless Ulemas as Abu Bakr Al Baqalani, Abdu Al Qâhir Al Jurjâni, Muhammad Rashid Ridda, Mustapha Sâdiq Ar-Rifaâ'i and Muhammad Abdul Allah Derraz.

Various books about the miraculous nature of the Holy Koran were written. They include different domains among them: linguistics, rhetoric, inflection, psychology, history, the unseen and Legislating.

I- The definition of the inimitable legislation.

A. The linguistic definition of Iîdjaz (inimitability).

- Ibn Fâris stated in his book "Muûdjam Maqaîs Al-Lugha" (The Dictionary of Language norms) that the Arabic word "Iîdjaz" is derived from the verb "Ajdaza" which has two meanings: The first is weakness and the second is the rear of something.

- Ibn Mandhur said in his dictionary "Lissan Al-Arab" (The Tongue of the Arab): "Al-Adjz" has many meanings, among them: weakness, impediment.

- The word "Aâdjaza" is also used to mean strength and victory.

- The word "Muûdjiza" means a miracle.

B. The inimitable legislation. It means accuracy and perfection in the Koranic legislations, systems, principles and values.

II. The definition of the Holy Koran:  The Koran is the miraculous word of Allah -High Exalted is He. It is revealed to the prophet Muhammad- may peace be upon him- in the Arabic language and transmitted to us by narration. It is written in Books (Massahifs) and recited during prayers; it begins with Sûrat Al fâtiha (the Opening) and ends with Surat An-Nâs (the mankind).

III. The Aspects of the legislative inimitability.

There are many aspects that reveal this inimitability among them:

A) The comprehensiveness of the injunctions of the Holy Koran.

The injunctions of the Holy Koran include all the fields of life, among them:

1- The political and constitutional fields: Koran shows the relationship between the governor and the governed people through a set of principles and injunctions, for example, the principle of consultation. The Almighty Allah Said: «…And who (Conduct) their affairs by mutual consultation…». [ Surat Ash Shûra/ the Consultation, from the verse 38]. «…And consult them in the matter…». [Surat Âl 'Imran/The Family of Imran, from the verse159 ].

2- The judicial field: It confirms the principle of justice. The Almighty Allah Said: «…And when you judge between people, that you judge with justice …».  [Surat An Nisâ'/The women, from the verse 58].

3- The Civil and Commercial field: It established the rules of registration in sale, mortgage and civil or commercial debts. The Almighty Allah Said: «…O you who believe! When you borrow money from each other for a definite period, then write it down between you justly, and any writer should not decline to write as Allah has taught  him, so he should write and the debtor should dictate, and he should fear Allah his Lord, and not lessen any of what he owes. And if the debtor be foolish or be feeble minded or unable to dictate for himself, then let his guardian dictate justly. And bring two witnesses of your men, and if there are not two men, then men and two women, whom you accept as witnesses, in case one of them forgets, the other can remind her, the witnesses should not decline when they are summoned. And be not averse to write down, whether it is great or small, with its term that is more equitable in the sight of Allah, more proper as testimony and a better safeguard. Unless it is frequent trade between yourselves, there is no blame on you if you do not write it down, but take witnesses. And let not either writer or witness be harassed, if you do so it would be deviation in you. And fear Allah, Allah is teaching you and Allah is All- Knowing of all things…». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, verse 282].

4- The penal field: It affirmed the rule:" No crime and no punishment except with a text". The Almighty Allah Said:

«…And We have never punished before We have first sent a Messenger».  [Surat Al Isrâ'/The Nocturnal Tripe, from the verse 15].

«Every soul shall be pledged for its own deeds». [Surat Al Mudathir/The One enveloped, 38].

- They same punishment is set for the governor and the governed. « …No soul bears the burden of another…». [Surat Al- Isrâ'/The Nocturnal Tripe, from the verse 15].

« Every person is a pledge for what he has earned. ». [Surat Al Muddathir/The One Enveloped, verse 38].

5- At the family level: the Koran injunctions include all what is related to marriage contract, alimony, nurture, divorce, the rules of kinship and inheritance and others. The Almighty Allah said:

« And from His signs is that He created from yourselves your wives, that you find serenity with them, and He has set between you affection and mercy. Surely in this are signs for people who reflect. » [Surat Ar Rûm/ The Romans, verse 21].

«O Prophet! When you divorce women, divorce them at their prescribed periods, and count accurately their prescribed periods. And fear Allah your Lord. Do not expel them from their houses, nor shall they leave unless it is proven that they have committed an indecency. And these are the limits set by Allah, and whoever transgresses the limits set by Allah, Surely has been unjust to his own soul. You do not know! Allah may change the situation (reconciliation) after that» [Surat At Talaq/ divorce, verse 1].

«…And the father, in the fair known way, shall be responsible of their maintenance and clothing…» [Surat Al Baqara /the heifer, from the verse 233].

«Allah commands you concerning your children (inheritance), for the male a share proportionate to the shares of two females. If only two or more daughters, their share is two thirds of what you leave. And if there is one daughter only, her share is half. And to parents one sixth to each from what he leaves, if he has children, but if he is childless and the parents are the sole heirs  then to his mother the third…».[Surat An Nisâ'/ The Women, from the verse 11].

6- The financial and economic Fields:

- The legislation of the alms' system. The Almighty Allah said: « Take from their wealth charity (alms) to purify them and to cleanse them thereby, and pray for them, surely your prayers will give them Serenity and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing …». [Surat At-Tawba/The  Repentance, 103].

- The prohibition of the usurious transactions.  The Almighty Allah said: «Those who devour usury will not stand except as one whom Satan  has prostrated by his touch will stand. This is because they say: "Trading is like usury". But Allah has allowed trading and forbidden usury. So whoever takes the admonition from his Lord and desists, he shall have his past gains and his matter is for Allah, but whoever reverts, those are the inhabitants of Fire, to dwell there forever». [Surat Al-Baqara/The Heifer, 275].

B) The affirmation of the general principles and bases.

1- The principle of fulfilling the pledges. The Almighty Allah said: «O you who believe! Fulfill the pledges…». [Surat Al-Mâ'ida/The Table Spread, 01].

2- The principle of consent in concluding contracts. The Almighty Allah said: «O you who believe! Do not devour your wealth among yourselves falsely, but trade fairly by your mutual consent…». [Surat An-Nissâ'/The Women, from the verse 13].

C) The realization of people's interests.

There are many texts in the Holy Koran which preserve people's global and requisites interests. They are:

- The preservation of religion. The Almighty Allah said: «Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed my grace on you; I have chosen Islam for you as your religion…». [Surat Al-Ma'îda/The Table Spread, from the verse 3].

- The preservation of the Self. The Almighty Allah said: «Whoever kills a soul, unless it be for retaliation or because of spreading corruption on earth, it would be as if he had killed all mankind, and whoever saves a life, it will be as if he had saved the life if all mankind…». [Surat Al-Ma'îda/The Table Spread, from the verse 32].

- The preservation of honor. The Almighty Allah said: «And do not approach any abomination, open or hidden…». [Surat Al-Anâm/The Cattle, from the verse 151].

- The preservation of the mind. The Almighty Allah said: «All you who believe! Most certainly intoxicant and gambling and idol worship and fortune telling are an abomination of Satan's handiwork, so shun it, that you may prosper». [Surat Al-Ma'îda/The Table Spread, 90].

- The preservation of property. The Almighty Allah said:

«The thief, male or female, cut of    their hands, as recompense for what they have earned, and as an exemplary punishment from Allah, and Allah is Almighty, All Wise. But whoever repents after his inequity and reforms his self, and then surely Allah will relent towards him, surely is All Forgiving, All Merciful». [Surat Al Mâi'da/The Table Spread, 38 and 39].

«And do not usurp one another's property by false means nor offer it to the judges so that you may devour willfully and unjustly a portion of the property of the people». [Surat Al-Baqara/The Heifer, 188].

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