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Sunna's |
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Introduction. This subject is of a paramount importance because it is related to faith, worship, transactions, morals and behaviors. Islam means following its instructions and not innovating in it for it is complete and does not need any additions. Allah the Great said: « …Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed my Grace on you, and I have chosen Islam for you as your religion ». [Surat Al-Mâ’ida/ The Table Spread, from the verse 03]. It is not allowed to worship Allah except by what He legislated, and there are so many Ahadith that ordain following what is stated in it and interdicted innovation in religion.
I. The definition of Sunna and Heresy. 1. The definition of Sunna. a) Linguistically: it means the accustomed way that one follows. The prophet- may peace be upon him- said: « The one who does a good deed in Islam and others acted accordingly receives the reward of each of then, and the one who does a banned deed and others acted accordingly gets the sins of each of them without diminishing their sins». [Reported by Muslim from Djarir bnu Abdul Allah]. b) Its deepest meaning: It signifies the tradition of the prophet- may peace be upon him- that is related to his faith, worships, transactions, behaviors and morals. 2. The definition of Heresy. Eshatibi said that heresy means "The invented method in religion". Ibn Radjeb El- Hanbali said: «The thing that is innovative and has no origin in the Sharia is a heresy». Ibnu El-Hadjar El-Assqalani said: «In religion, the thing that is innovative is contrary to the Sunna and it is banned». Heresy can be something that is added or abandoned; it can be in sayings or deeds.
II. The Ahadith that ordain the sticking to the Sunna. - The prophet- may peace be upon him said: « I let for you two things, you will never astray as long as you stick to them: the Book of Allah (the Koran) and my Sunna ». [Reported by Immam El-Hâkim from Ibn Abass]. - He also said to Muaâd When sent Muaâd Bnu Djabal to Yemen he said: «How are you going to judge if a matter is exposed to you? Muaâd answered: I judge according to Allah’s Book. The prophet said: «And if it is not mentioned in Allah’s Book? He answered: « So I judge in accordance with the prophet’s Sunna. The prophet said: « And if it is not mentioned in the messenger’ Sunna? He said: I exert myself to the utmost of my power and I spare no pains. Muaâd said: then the prophet beat me on my chest and said: «Praise be to Allah who directed the messenger of His Messenger to what pleases God and His messenger ». [Reported by Et-Termidi, Ahmed and Abu Dâwud]. - He also said about the month of Ramadan «Allah ordained for you fasting during the month of Ramadan and I prescribed for you praying during its nights». [Reported by Ahmed and Ibnu Madja]. He also said: «Follow my Sunna and that of the Orthodox caliph and stick to it firmly…». [Reported by the four Imams, Ibnu Madja, Et-Termidi and Abu Dawûd].
III. The Ahadith that warn from Heresy. The prophet- may peace be upon- said: «…Be aware of the new matters (the innovative matters which are not mentioned in the Koran or the Sunna) for each heresy leads to aberration and each aberration leads to Fire». [Reported by the four Imams, Ibnu Madja, Et-Termidi and Abu Dawûd]. The prophet- may peace be upon him- also said: «The one who does something that is not mentioned in Islam is an apostate». [Reported by Et-Boukhari from Aisha].
IV. Conclusions. 1- Our duty towards the Sunna of the prophet- may peace be upon him. The prophet- may peace be upon him- said: «From each generation there are just people who bear this science. They deny the perversion of those who act excessively (as regards religion), the plagiarism of the liars and the false interpretations of the ignorant». [Reported by Ibnu Jarîr]. Indeed, it is the knowledgeable, the Fuqaha and the just people who will inherit the heritage (the great science and knowledge) left by the prophets. «Be aware of immoderation in religion». [Reported by Ahmed]. «Perished are the fanatics». [Reported by Muslim from Ibnu Massôud]. 2- The origin of worships is forbiddance except what are allowed by a legal text, and the origin of traditions and transactions is allowance except what are forbidden by a text. That is, we worship Allah only by what He legislated. 3- The means have no rules and the legal injunctions are related to the aims. 4- Some examples of the accepted heresies. - The Tarawih prayers (they are supererogatory prayers performed only during the month of Ramadan): Omar Ibn El Khatab - may Allah be pleased with him- made them congregational after they were performed individually. He said: «How good a heresy is». - The compilation of the Noble Koran in one book. 5- Some examples of the banned heresies. - Taking the tombs for mosques: the prophet- may peace be upon him- said: «Cursed are the Jews and the Christians, for they took the tombs of their prophets for mosques». [Reported by El- Boukhari from Aisha- may Allah be pleased with her]. - Sacrificing animals in houses for the sake of warding off harm. - The loud weeping when visiting graves. 6- The Ulemas agreed that preserving the Noble Koran by Allah the Great entails the preservation of the Sunna (by Him). The Almighty Allah said: «Indeed! We are the one who has revealed the Koran, and we will most surely preserve it». [Surat El Hidjr, 09]. 7- The prophet- may peace be upon him- said: «To be economical in following the Sunna is better than striving after a heresy». [Reported by Muslim from Ibnu Massûd]. |
