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Sunna's |
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The Sahaba's grace
Introduction All the Muslims agreed that the grace and the merit of the Sahaba are very great, and their position is very elevated and high. In fact, they were brought up by the prophet -may peace be upon him, and they were greatly honored by witnessing revelation; by conveying the prophet's message and heritage; and by promulgating Islam to the other regions. - Inbu Massűd reported that the prophet -may peace be upon him- said: «Indeed, Allah looked at the hearts of His «and found that of Muhammad the best of them all, so He sent to him His Message; then He looked at the hearts of His servants after the heart of Muhammad - may peace be upon him, and found that the hearts of his companions are the best of them all, so He selected them to be the companions of His prophet and the supporters of His religion». [Reported by Ahmed] - Ibnu Massűd -may Allah be pleased with him- said: «He who desires to take a model has to model himself on the companions of the prophet -may peace be upon him. Indeed, they were the most upright and reverent persons of this nation; they were the most learned, the less fanatic; and their guidance was the most correct and their state was the best. They were selected by Allah to be the companions of His prophet, and to raise His religion. So, recognize their merits, and follow in their footsteps for they were on the right guidance». [Reported by Ahmed]
I. The definition of the Sahabi a) For the Ulemas of Ussul, the Sahabi is the one who met the prophet -may peace be upon him, and believed in him (and died on this belief), and stayed with him a period of time that is sufficient to be given the name of a companion according to customs. b) For the majority of Muhaddithin (the Ulemas specialized in Hadith), the Sahabi is the one who met the prophet -may peace be upon him- and believed in him (and died on Islam), either his companionship of the prophet -may peace be upon him- was long or short. This, in fact, is sufficient for him to hear and report the prophet' sayings and deeds.
III. The position of the Sahaba and their grace Allah the great said: «The foremost, the first of the emigrants, the Ansâr, and those who came after them and followed them in goodness, Allah is well pleased with them, and they are all pleased with him, and He has prepared for them Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell there forever, that is the greatest triumph». [Surat At-Tawba/ the Repentance, 100] The exegets said that the people about whom Allah speaks in this verse are: the people of Er-Ridwân pledge; the people of Badr; the people who prayed towards the two Qiblas; the people who first believed in Muhammad -may peace be upon him- among the people of Mecca; and those in Medina who first supported and helped the emigrants -may Allah be pleased with them all. The Almighty Allah said: «It is for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their possessions, seeking of Allah's bounty and His good pleasure, and striving in Allah's cause to help His Messenger, those are the truthful ones». [Surat Al-Hashr/ the Gathering, 8] - The prophet -may peace be upon him- said: «The best of my nation are those who lived in my century, then those who follow them, and then those who follow them». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] Those who lived in the prophet's century are his followers (the Sahaba) and those who follow them are the Tabiîn (the followers of the prophet's companions), and then those who follow them are the followers of the Sahaba's followers. That is, the best centuries are the first three centuries after revelation. - Anas bnu Mâlik reported that the prophet -may peace be upon him- said: «No life except that of the Hereafter, so reconcile between the Supporters and the Emigrants». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] In another narration, Muhammad bnu Ubaid Allah said: "He (the prophet -may peace be upon him) came to us while we were digging the trench and said: «O my Lord! No life except that of the Hereafter, so forgive the Emigrants and the Supporters». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] - Anas reported that the prophet -may peace be upon him- climbed Uhud Mountain along with Abu Bakr, Omar bnu El-Khatab and Othman bnu Afâne, so Uhud trembled. The prophet -may peace be upon him- then said: «Stand firm Uhud. Indeed, there is on you a prophet, a truthful and two martyrs». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] - Et-Termithi reported from El-Arbath bnu Sâria and said: «The prophet -may peace be upon him- preached us a very deep sermon to the extent that eyes shed tears and hearts became frightened. It was said: "O prophet of Allah, it seems like a farewell sermon, so what you advise us?" The prophet said: «Listening and obedience even if an Abyssinian black slave is made a commander over you. So, follow my Sunna and that of the guiding Orthodox Caliph after me, and stick doggedly to it».
The virtues of the Ansâr (the supporters of Medina) Many verses and Ahadith showed the laudable deeds of the Ansâr, among them: Allah the Great said: «But those who before them had homes (in Medina) and had faith, love whoever has migrated to them, and find in their hearts no desire for what they have been given and prefer others above themselves, even though poverty may afflict them, and whoever is saved from the greed of his own soul, those they are the one who prosper». [Al-Hashr, 9] - The prophet -may peace be upon him- said: «No one loves the Ansâr but the believer, and no one hates them except the hypocrite. So, he who loves them, Allah loves him; and he who hates them, Allah hates him». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] «The sign of faith is to love the Ansâr, and the sign of hypocrisy is to hate them». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] - Abi said El-Kudri reported that the prophet -may peace be upon him- said: «Do not blaspheme my companions. Indeed, if one of you spends an amount of gold equals to Uhud mountain never reaches a mud or a half of what one of them (my companions) spent (in the cause of Allah) ». [Reported by El-Bukhâri] The difference between the Sahaba and the other people is that the Sahaba are the most sincere and truthful persons and they spent even from the little they possessed.
III. The role of the SAhaba during the prophet's Hegira The Sahaba played a vital role and contributed a great deal to the prophet's Hegira, among those Sahaba: - Abu Bakr Es-Sadiq who was the best companion: the Almighty Allah said: «If you do not help the Messenger, Allah already has helped him, when the unbelievers expelled him, he and another, when the two were in the cave, he said to his companion: "Be not distressed, indeed Allah is with us". Then Allah sent down on him His serenity and strengthened him with Unseen forces, and abased the word of the unbelievers and Allah's word is supreme. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise». [At-Tawba, 40] - Abdul Allah, the son of Abu Bakr who was used to go each night to Thur Cave to carry the news of Mecca to the prophet -may peace be upon him. - Ali bnu Abi Tâlib who slept in the prophet's bed in order to deceive the unbelievers and to pay back the deposits left with the prophet -may peace be upon him. - Assmâ' the daughter of Abu Bakr who was carrying food to the prophet -may peace be upon him- and her father to the Thur cave and she is seven months pregnant. |
