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Sunna's |
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Hajj 01 (pilgrimage).
Introduction. Allah the Great ordained pilgrimage for Muslims once a life in an appointed time. He said: «And fulfill the pilgrimage (hajj) and the visitation (Umra) for God, but if you are prevented then make such offering as may be feasible, and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its destination, and if any of you are ill or have an ailment in his scalp, then a compensation should be made by fasting or by charity or by offering sacrifice (slaughtering of a lawful animal for the needy), and when you are in place, whoever enjoys the visitation (Umra) until the pilgrimage (hajj), let his offering be such a may be feasible, or if he finds none, then a fast of three days during the pilgrimage and of seven days when you return, that is ten days in all, this is only for those whose homes are not in the precincts of the sacred Mosque. And fear God and knows that God is severe in punishment». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 196]. «The pilgrimage is performed in appointed months, so whoever performs it, let there be no obscenity, nor depravity, arguing in the pilgrimage, and whatever good you do God is aware of it, and take provision for the journey, but the best provision is piety, so fear Me, o you who possesses minds». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 197]. «There is no blame on you in seeking the bounty from Lord, so when you hasten on from Arafat, then remember God at the sacred station (Muzdalifa east of Makkah) and remember God as He has guided you, surly before His guidance you were astray». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 198]. «Then hasten on from where the people hasten, and pray for God’s forgiveness, surely God is All-Forgiving, All-Merciful». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer199]. «So when you have fulfilled your ceremonies of pilgrimage, let your remembrance of God be far greater than your remembrance of your fathers. There are some people who say “Our Lord provide for us in the world”, but they will have no share in the Hereafter». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer,200]. «And there are some who say “Our Lord , provide us with good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the penalty of the Fire». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 201]. «Those will be given what they gained for themselves, and God is swift in reckoning». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 202]. «And remember God during the assigned days, but whoever hurries to depart in two days, there is on him, and fear God, and know that you will surely be gathered to Him». [Surat Al Baqara/ The Heifer, 203].
Ibnu Omar-may God be pleased with him- said: «Islam is based on five pillars: The two Shahadat (to say: There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger, offering prayers, fulfilling Zakat (legal alms), fasting during the whole month of Ramadan and making pilgrimage for the one who is able to make it». [Agreed on]. «Pilgrimage is performed once, and more than once is voluntary». [A Sound Hadith]. ¨ Pilgrimage must be made to Kaâba in Mecca. Allah the Great said: «Indeed! The first House appointed for the people is the one at Bakkah (Makkah), blessed and a guidance for the Worlds». [Surat Al Imran/The Family of Imran, 96]. ¨ The appointed /prescribed time of pilgrimage is the last lunar month i.e. Dhul Hidja, more precisely the 08th , 09th , 10th , 11th and 12th of this month. But the season of pilgrimage starts from Shawal until Dhul Hidja. ¨ Pilgrimage is obligatory on every Muslim who is physically and financially able to perform it. Allah the Great said: «… It is an obligation towards God on all people to make the pilgrimage to the house, whoever has the means to make the journey… ». [Surat Al Imran/The Family of Imran, 97]. The Muslim who intends to make the pilgrimage has to repent, ward off injustices, and it is preferable for him to write down his testament (bequest).
I. Before Ihram. The pilgrim, before being in the state of Ihram, has to: 1- cut the nails. 2- wash the whole body. 3- take off all the sewed clothes and wear only the Ihram dress (for man). 4- take off the veil that the woman uses to cover her face and also the gloves.
II. Mawaqit El-Ihram (The places from where the pilgrim assumes his Ihram). The Sunna specified the places from where the pilgrim can assume his Ihram. 1- The place appointed for the people of Medina and for those who come through it is Dhul-Hulaifa (Abyâr Ali). It is 540 Km far from Mecca. 2- The place appointed for the people of Damascus, North Africa and those who came through their ways is El-Juhfa (near to Rabagh town). It is 183 Km far from Mecca. 3- The place appointed for the people of Nadjad and those who came through it is Qarn-El-Manazil. It is 75 Km far from Mecca. 4- The place appointed for the people of Yemen and those who came through this place is Yalamlam (Assa’dia). It is 92 Km far from Mecca. 5-The place appointed for the people of Iraq and those who came through it is Dhatu-Irq. It is 94 Km far from Mecca. The people of Mecca and its visitors can assume Ihram for Hajj from Mecca. But for Umra, they have to assume Ihram from Taniîm (Aicha’s Mosque). Concerning the people of Djadda and others, their Ihram is assumed from their houses.
III. The pillars of pilgrimage. Pilgrimage consists of four pillars and if one of them is not performed, it is considered invalid / incomplete. They are: 1- Ihram (i.e. the state of consecration). 2- Tawaf El Ifada (i.e. circumambulation). 3- Sâ’y (i.e. to walk Safa and Marwa). 4- standing at Arafat.
1- Ihram: It is the intention to begin the Hajj ceremonies (Nussuk), and just after that, the pilgrim starts Talbiya. ( Talbiya means to say: Labaika Allahuma labaik, Labaika la sharika Laka labaik, Inna-el-hamda wan-ni'mata Laka wa lmulk, La sharika Laka' (O Allah! I respond to Your call and I am obedient to Your orders. You have no partner. All the praises and blessings are for You; all the sovereignty is for You. You have no partners with you). ¨ What is forbidden during Ihram? Once the pilgrim enters into the state of Ihram, it is not permissible for him to: - shave the hair. - put perfume. - cut trees and pull out plants. - engage in betrothal or marriage. - wear a tailored cloth like trouser, burnoose/hooded cloak… It is allowed to wear a watch, a ring and glasses.
¨ The different types of pilgrimage. There are three types of pilgrimage: a) At Tamatu’: It is to assume Ihram for Umra during the Hajj months: Shawal, Dhu- El- Qiîda and the first ten days of Dhul- Hidja. The person who does this should say: "Labayka bi Umra" ( O my Lord! I intend to perform the minor pilgrimage (Umra). The Mutamatiî (i.e. the pilgrim who intends to perform Umra in the appointed months of Hajj), after performing Umra, enjoys his time /lives an ordinary life. But in the 08th of Dhul Hidja, he has to assume Ihram for a second time to perform his Hadj. b) El Qirân: It is to assume Ihram for both Hajj and Umra, so the pilgrim says: "Labayka bi Hadj wa Umra" (O my Lord! I intend to perform Umra and Hajj). When he arrives at Mecca, the pilgrim carries out his Tawaf El- Qudum (the circumambulation of arrival). Then, he walks the Safa and Marwa only once for both Hajj and Umra. The pilgrim has to remain in his state of Ihram, then he goes to El Mashaîr in the eighth day to perform the remaining deeds. He has to sacrifice a lawful animal (a sheep, a camel, an ox,….). c) El Ifrad: It is when the pilgrim intends to perform only the great pilgrimage (Hajj). He says: "Labayka Allahuma Hajj" (O my Lord! I intend to perform pilgrimage). When he arrives at Mecca, he performs Tawaf- El- Qudum then he walks the Safa and Marwa. He has to remain in his state of Ihram until the end of the rituals of Hajj (Nussuk). The pilgrim, in that case, offers not a sacrifice.
¨ The way of performing pilgrimage.
In the eighth day of Dhul-Hidja called the day of Tarwiya or the day of the great gathering, the pilgrims head to Mena before the Dhohr prayer, then they pray Dhohr, Assr, Maghrib and Isha separately in their times with the shortening of the quadrilateral prayers. They spend the ninth night in Mena and pray Fadjr there. After sunrise, the pilgrims tend to Arafat performing Talbiya, mentioning the name of Allah and reciting the Noble Koran.
What is done in the first day of pilgrimage (the eighth day of Dhul-Hidja) can be summarized in the following points: 1) The starting / the beginning of the rituals of pilgrimage. 2) Concerning the Mutamatiî, he assumes his Ihram in his room in this day saying "Labayka bi Hajj," then he joins the other pilgrims. The Qa’rin (the one who performed El-Qiran) and the Mufrad (the one who performed Al-Ifrad) are still in their state of Ihram. 3) The pilgrim has to increase in his Talbiya. He repeats many times the following saying: "Labayka Allahuma Labayk, Labayka la Sharika laka Labayk, Inna El-Hamda wa-ni’mata laka wal-mulk, la Sharika laka" which signifies (O Allah! I respond to your call. All the praises and blessings are for you; all the sovereignty is for you. You have no partner with you). 4) Talbiya should be continued until the pelting of Djamrat Al-Aqaba in the tenth day. 5) The pilgrims head for Mena in the afternoon (before Dhohr prayer). 6) They have to full their time with mentioning Allah’s name and reciting the Koran. 7) They perform the Dhohr and the Assr prayers in their times and shorten them. 8) They perform the Maghrib prayer in its time. 9) They perform the Isha prayer in its time and they shorten it. 10) It is desirable for the pilgrims to spend the night in Mena. 11) They have to pray Fadjr in Mena, and by sunrise they go to Arafat. |
