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Sunna's |
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Hajj 02 (pilgrimage).
2- Standing at Arafat. In the ninth day of Dhul-Hidja, the pilgrims head to Arafat. The day of Arafat is the day of benediction and mercy. Allah, the Most Compassionate and the most merciful, surrounds the sincere believers with mercy and forgives their sins in this day. The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «The basic pillar of pilgrimage is Arafat». [Reported by Abu Dawud]. 1- It is an obligation upon the pilgrim in this day to perform Talbiya, glorify Allah and invoke Him. He would say: "Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La Illaha illa Allah, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa li allahi El Hamd" (Allah is the Great, Allah is the Great, Allah is the Great. There is no god but Allah, Allah is the Great, Allah is the Great, Allah is the Great and all thanks be to Allah). 2- The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «The best invocation in the day of Arafat, and the best saying that I and the prophets before me uttered is: La illaha illa Allah wahdahu la Sharika lahu, lahu El-Mulk wa lahu El-Hamd, wa huwa ala kuli Shaiîn Qadir. (there is no god but Allah and He has no partner, all the thanks and sovereignty are for Him, He is the All-Powerful)». [Reported by Et-Tirmidi]. 3- The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «The best day in which Allah rescues a servant from the Fire is the day of Arafat. Allah the Great approaches and comes closer that day, and then boasts of you among the Angles…». [Reported by Muslim from Aisha]. 4- The pilgrims gather between the Dhohr and the Assr prayers and shorten them (i.e. instead of performing four prostrations, the pilgrims perform only two for each prayer). The two prayers should be performed with one Adan (call to prayer) and two Iqaamat. ‘Iqaama’ is the announcement of the prayer in which the one who prays says: "Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Ashhadu an la illaha illa allah, ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rassul Allah, hayya ala salat, hayya alal Falah, qad qamati asslat, Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! La illaha illa Allah". (Allah is the Great, Allah is the Great. I testify that there is no god but Allah. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Come to prayer, come to prosperity. There is no god but Allah) . In addition, the pilgrims must not pray supererogatory prayers before, between or after the Dhohr and Assr prayers. 5- The pilgrims should stand at Arafat from sunrise till sunset. The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «I stand here and Arafat (all of it) is a standing». [Reported by Abu Dawud and Ubnu Madja].
¨ Avoiding some of the prevailing mistakes in the day of Arafat. Among the mistakes that should be avoided in this day, the following ones: - Standing outside Arafat. - Quitting Arafat before sunset. - Swarming and pushing in order to climb the mountain of Arafat. - Facing Arafat with invocation. - Wiping themselves with the mountain of Arafat (its land).
At the sunset of this day, the pilgrim should: 1- Walk towards El-Mashaâr El-Haram in Muzdalifa (a mountain in Muzdalifa). Once arrived there, he prays the Maghrib and Isha prayers with one Adan and two Iqaamat. The two prayers should be gathered and shortened. 2- Spend the night in Muzdalifa. 3- Mention Allah’s name, perform Talbiya and invocation. 4- Perform the Fadjr (Down) prayer. 5- It is preferable for the pilgrim to stand at El-Mashaâr El-Haram after the Down prayer (Fadjr), and face the Qibla, increase in invocation and the mentioning of Allah’s name (all of Muzdalifa is a standing). 6- Collect five pebbles (slight greater than a grain of chick-pea) while walking towards Mena .
¨ In the tenth day of Dhul-Hidja called the day of sacrifice or the first day of the feast of Bairem, the pilgrim has to: 1- Cease Talbiya once arrived at Djamrat El-Aâqaba (it is the nearest Djamra in Mecca). 2- Pelt Djamrat El-Aâqaba with seven pebbles successfully, and at each throw, the pilgrim glorifies Allah. He also try to throw them inside the basin either they hit the pier or not. 3- Offer a sacrifice for the one who has to do so. The time of slaughtering is four days: the day of the feast and the three days of Tashriq. 4- Cut or shorten his hair, but it is better to have a haircut. For the woman, she has to cut from her hair an amount of a fingertip. After these steps, all that was forbidden during Ihram became allowable except sexual relations.
¨ Some of the prevailing mistakes during pelting the Djamarat. 1- Some pilgrims believe that they are pelting Satan. So, they throw pebbles in a furious manner followed by cursing him. In fact, throwing the pebbles is ordained to invoke and glorify Allah. 2- Some pilgrims pelt the Djamarat with great pebbles or with shoes. This is an exaggeration that is rejected by our religion. 3- The swarming of the pilgrims and their pressing together. 4- Throwing the seven pebbles at once (the same time). Indeed, if the pilgrims do so, the seven pebbles are considered as one.
3- Tawaf El-Ifada (the Ifada circumambulation). Before starting the Tawaf, the pilgrim has to perform his ablution and then he kisses the black stone at which Tawaf starts and ends. The pilgrim performs seven circumambulations. Between the third angle of the sacred house/Kaâba and the corner where the black stone is put /laid down, the pilgrim recites the following verse: «Rabana atina fi dunya hassana wa fi al-akhirat hassana wa qina adab annar». (Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and defend us from the torments of Fire» and repeats this seven times. The Ifada Tawaf can be performed either after the day of Mena or after pelting the Djamarat and the pilgrim’s sojourn in Mecca. After the Tawaf, the pilgrim performs two prostrations (Tawaf prostrations) behind the station of Abraham-may peace be upon him. It is from the Sunna to recite during the first prostration surat Al Kâfiroon/ The Unbelievers, and in the second one Surat Al Ihklâs/ Sincerity of faith. Then for the Mutamatiî to walk the Safa and Marwa, and for the Qârin or Mufrad to do so if he did not perform his Tawaf El-Qudum. After the Ifada Tawaf, all that is forbidden during Ihram became allowable.
4- Sâ’y (to walk the Safa and Marwa. Allah the Great said: «Indeed, Safa and Marwa are among the religious ceremonies of pilgrimage ordained by God, so whoever makes a pilgrimage to the sacred House, or pays a visit to it, there is no harm if he circumambulates them, and whoever does good spontaneously, then surely God is All-Appreciating, All-Knowing». [Surat Al- Baqara/The Heifer, 158].
Sâ’y always starts from Safa and ends at Marwa.The pilgrim climbs the mountain of Safa and faces the Kaâba, then he says thrice: "La ilaha illa Allah wahdahu la Shrika lahu, lahul mulk wa lahul hamd wa huwa ala kuli shaiîn qadir, la ilaha illa Allah wahdahu, anjaza waâdahu, wa nassara abdahu, wa hazama el ahzaba wahdahu" (There is no god but Allah, He has no partner with Him. All the thanks and sovereignty are for Him and He is able to do everything. There is no god but Allah, He is the one and the only; He fulfilled His promise, He accorded victory to His servant and defeated the enemies alone). The pilgrim repeats this invocation when he arrives at Marwa. Unlike women, men speeds up when the green flags appear and he continues speeding until the green flag appears a second time . It is permissible for the menstruated and the confined women to walk the Safa and Marwa and not the Tawaf.
¨ In the eleventh day of Dhul-Hidja named the first day of Tashriq (the fourth day of pilgrimage), the following deeds are to be done: 1- After the Ifada Tawaf, the pilgrim returns back to Mena and spends the night there. 2- The pilgrims perform the prayer collectively and it is better to be performed in “El-Khif” Mosque. 3- The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «The days of Tashriq are the days of food, drink and glorifying Allah». [Reported by Ahmed and Ibnu Madja]. 4- During the evening, the pilgrim pelts the three Djamarat (sculptures) with seven pebbles for each. He starts by the small sculpture and he has to face the Kaâba to invoke Allah. Then, he moves to the medium sized one and invoke Allah. Later, he pelt the sculpture of El-Aâqaba or the great sculpture, but without staying there for invocation. 5- The pilgrim has to spend the night of the twelfth day of Dhul-Hidja in Mena.
¨ In the twelfth day of Dhul-Hidja called the second day of Tashriq or the fifth day of pilgrimage, the pilgrim has to 1- Occupy his time mentioning Allah’s name. 2- In the afternoon, he pelts the three sculpture in the same manner as he has done the day before. 3- It is permissible to leave Mena for the pilgrim who is in a hurry, but he has to do so before sunset. As far as those who want to stay are concerned, they spend the nights of the days of Tashriq in Mena. Allah the Great said: «And remember God during the assigned days, but whoever hurries to depart in two days, there is no sin on him, and if anyone stays longer in devotion, there is no sin on him, and fear God, and know that you will surely be gathered to Him». [Surat Al-Baqara/The Heifer, 203].
¨ In the thirteenth day of Dhul-Hidja called The third day of Tashriq or the sixth day of pilgrimage, the pilgrims who are late have to: 1- Pelt the sculptures. 2- Invoke Allah after pelting the small and the middle sized sculpture. After that, the pilgrim returns to Mecca to perform Tawaf El Wada’(the Farewell Tawaf). The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «No pilgrim should leave Mecca before circumambulating the Kaâba». The Farewell Tawaf is performed a short while before the pilgrim returns back to his country. The Farewell Tawaf is an obligation on all the pilgrims except the menstruated and the confined women.
¨ Visiting the Medina. 1- The pilgrim has to visit the Nabawi Mosque (the prophet’s mosque) and pray in it. The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «No journey is made except to three Mosques: El-Haram Mosque, my Mosque and El-Aqssa Mosque». [reported by El-Boukhari, Muslim and Abu Dawud from Aisha]. 2- The pilgrim has to pray two prostrations in the Noble meadow (garden). The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «Between my House and my pulpit there is one garden of the Gardens of Paradise». [Agreed on]. 3- The pilgrim has to visit the tomb of the prophet-may peace be upon him- and salute him. 4- He has to visit the tombs of the prophet’s companions: Abu Bakr and Omar Ibnu El-Khatab-may God be pleased with them- and pray for them. 5- He has to visit the Baqiî cemetery and to pray for its dead -may God be pleased with them. 6- He has to visit the tombs of the martyrs of Uhud, among them Hamza. 7- He has to visit Qibâ’ Mosque and pray in it two prostrations. It was the first mosque built in Islam. The prophet-may peace be upon him- affirmed in many Ahadith that the reward of the prayer in Qibâ’ equals that of Umra. 8- He has to pray two prostrations in the Mosque of the two Qiblat. (Qibla is the direction to which they turn their faces in prayers).
Conclusions. The prophet-may peace be upon him- said: «From Umra to Umra, an atonement of the sins committed during this period, and the correct and the blessed Hajj has no other reward but paradise». [Agreed on].
1- The pillars of pilgrimage are four: - Ihram. - The standing at Arafat. - The Ifada circumambulation. - Walk the Safa and Marwa.
2- The obligations of Hajj are seven: - Assuming Ihram from the Miqat (the places appointed in the Sunna). - The standing at Arafat till sunset. - The spending of the night in Muzdalifa. - The spending of the nights of the days of Tashriq in Mena. - Pelting the sculptures with pebbles. - Cutting or shortening the hair. - The Farewell circumambulation.
3- The custom or the things that are liked to be done during Hajj: - Washing the whole body before entering into the state of Ihram. - Assuming Ihram after a supererogatory or an obligatory prayer. - Repeating Talbiya and renewing it at each state.
4- Some invocations and glorifications. - "La ilaha illa Allah wahdahu la Shrika lahu, lahul mulk wa lahul hamd wa huwa ala kuli shaiîn qadir". (There is no god but Allah the only, He has no partner with Him, all the sovereignty and thanks are for Him. He is able to do every thing (the All-powerful). - "Subhan Allah wa El hamdu li Allah, Subhan Allah El adim". (Glory be to Allah, all the praises and thanks be to Allah. Glory be to Allah, the All Powerful). - "Subhan Allah wa El hamdu li Allah wa la illaha illa Allah wa Allahu akbar". Glory be to Allah, thanks be to Allah, there is no god but Allah, Allah is the Great). - "Radiutu bil Allahi Raban wa bil Islami dinan, wa bi Muhammad salla Allahu alaihi wa salalm nabian wa Rassulan". ( I believe in Allah as the one and the only, I am pleased with Islam as my religion and Muhammad as a prophet and a messenger). - "Allahuma ini aûdu bika mina el-hami wa el-hazan, wa aûdu bika mina el-âdjzi wa el-kassal, wa aûdu bika mina el-djubni wa el-bukhl, wa aûdu bika mina ghalabati edain wa qahri eridjal". (O my Lord! I seek your protection against grief and sorrow, against inability and laziness, against cowardice and stinginess and against predominance of debt and the subjugations of men). - "Allahuma ini aûdu bika mina el-kofri wa el-faqr, wa aûdu bika min âdabi el-qabr, la illaha illa anta". ( O my Lord! I seek your protection against disbelief and poverty and against the torments of the grave, there is no God but you. - "Rabana atina fi dunya hassana wa fi al-akhirat hassana wa qina adab annar". (O my Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and defend us from the torments of the Fire). |
