Sunna's
fiqh

Third: the various kinds of instructions introduced by the Sunna.

The Sunna consists of three kinds of instructions in relation to the Koran.

1-Instructions that are similar and correspond to those of the noble Koran, like the Hadith «Islam has five pillars» that corresponds to what is said in the Koran «Carry out your salat, and fulfill your zakat » (The Cow, 43).

2-Those that clarify and explain the noble Koran's instructions, and there are three:

a- Those which give details about the generalities mentioned in the Koran, like the practical way of dealing with the salat. [The Koran has just incited people to carry out their salat, and the Sunna gives us all what we have to do before and during the salat, from ablution to the last Tachahud (glorification of Allah, greeting the prophet, ourselves and all the believers)].

b- Those which limit some of the instructions given in a general way. For example, the question of inheritance. In the Koran, it is said that all the property left by the dead, should be inherited by their heirs, but the Sunna excluded the properties of the prophets. The prophet Muhammad -may peace be upon him said: « we, the prophets, are not inherited, all what we possess is alms (sadaka) ».

c- Those which restrict some of the absolute instructions that are given in the Koran, such as the affair of request. The Almighty Allah said: «…After a request you make or a debt». (The Women, 12) In the Koran this request is not limited. Such as the Hadith reported by Sàad bnu abi ouakas «one third and the one third is too much».

3- Those new instructions that are not mentioned in the Koran.

The Almighty Allah said «and what is not said under the influence of a passion, it is only a revelation inspired to him (an inspired revelation) »

(The Star, 3/4)As an example of this, the right of the grand mother to inherit the one sixth and the prohibition of gold and silk for men.

Fourth: How to deal with the prophetic Sunna.

1-To be sure of the certainty of the Sunna and its correctness in accordance with scientific bases that should include both the topic and the author of the saying.

2-The necessity of understanding the prophetic text according to its meaning in the Arabic language, and according to its context, taking into account the fact that consideration should be given to the word not to its reasons

3-The collection of the Ahadith that deal with the same subject.

4-The understanding of the texts in accordance with the whole aims of the Islamic charia.    

5- To focus on what is certain (original meaning) not on what is uncertain, on what is decisive not on what is doubtful, and on what is global not on particles.

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